Key Techniques of Drilling Penetration Rate Improvement in Ultra-Deep Well Chuanshen-1
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摘要:
川深1井储层埋藏超深，陆相难钻地层研磨性强、可钻性差，大尺寸井眼提速困难，深部地层可钻性差、井身质量控制困难。为此，根据川深1井的地层特征，优化应用了一系列钻井提速技术：采用了气体钻井和泡沫钻井技术，以大幅提高机械钻速；采用了抑制泥岩水化膨胀的泡沫钻井液体系，以解决上部大尺寸井眼地层出水、井眼失稳及高效携岩的难题；采取了旋冲钻井技术、“孕镶金刚石钻头＋高速螺杆钻具”复合钻井技术钻进高研磨性地层，以提高钻井时效；采用了预弯曲动力学防斜打快技术，并配套高效PDC钻头和钻井参数优化，钻进深部难钻地层，以提高井身质量。川深1井钻井提速关键技术的应用，确保该井顺利钻至井深8 420 m完钻，创当时亚洲陆上钻井井深最深纪录，平均机械钻速提高至2.11 m/h，钻井周期缩短至475 d，取得了很好的现场应用效果，可为国内类似超深井高效钻井提供借鉴。
Abstract:Reservoirs of Well Chuanshen-1 drilling through can be characterized by large burial depth, strong abrasiveness of the continent strata, poor drillability, slow penetration rate of large diameter boreholes, as well as wellbore quality control. To fully investigate these problems, the following drilling techniques were applied optimally based on the stratigraphic and lithological characteristics of Well Chuanshen-1. The techniques include gas and foam drilling to significantly increase the ROP. Also, it included a newly developed foam system for hydration swelling inhibition of mudstone to effectively solve the problems of water production in the upper large diameter section, and also wellbore instability with insufficient cuttings carrying capacity. In addition, combination of rotary percussion drilling, PDC bit, and high-speed screw techniques greatly improved drilling efficiency in drilling through high-abrasive strata. In addition, the study sought to control the pre-bending dynamic deviation and to optimize drilling parameters using a high-efficiency PDC drill bit. The application results show that drilling techniques of the ultra-deep Well Chuanshen-1 effectively alleviate the drilling difficulties from complex formations. The key technologies for ultra-deep well drilling were formed on the basis of these techniques effectively applied in Well Chuanshen-1, and they solved or alleviated various drilling problems. The average ROP was increased to 2.11 m/h, and the drilling cycle was shortened to 475 days, and achieved favorable field application results. The studies suggest that the effective implementation of this technology can provide technical reference in ultra-deep well drilling in the future.
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图 3 稳定器位置与钻头侧向力关系曲线
Figure 3. The relationship curve between the position of centralizer and bit lateral force
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图 4 钻压与钻头侧向力的关系曲线
Figure 4. The relationship curve between the WOB and bit lateral force
表 1 川深1井所在区块岩心试验结果
Table 1 Core test results of the block of Well Chuanshen-1
地层 井深/m 岩性 可钻性级值 抗压强度/
MPa抗拉强度/
MPa牙轮
钻头PDC
钻头侏罗系 2 818.00 长石砂岩 5.13 3.60 135 4.3 三叠系 4 079.00 岩屑砂岩 7.59 6.83 190 9.1 二叠系 6 787.00 硅质灰岩 8.19 7.98 250 9.8 志留—
奥陶系7 230.00 泥质灰岩 5.15 4.22 120 5.4 寒武系 8 422.00 白云岩 7.84 7.89 265 9.5 
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表 2 川深1井气体钻井参数设计
Table 2 Parameters design of gas drilling in Well Chuanshen–1
井段/m 钻头外径/mm 注气量/（m3·min–1） 注气压力/MPa 钻压/kN 转速/（r·min–1） 910.00～2 100.00 444.5 160～175 1.5～2.0 80～140 60～70 2 100.00～2 318.10 175～210 2.0～3.0 140～180
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表 3 预弯曲动力学防斜打快技术钻井技术指标
Table 3 Technical indicators of the pre-bending dynamics deviation control
开次 井眼/mm 钻头型号 钻进地层 钻进井段/m 进尺/m 机械钻速/（m·h–1） 三开 320.7 KM1652ADGR 雷口坡组—嘉陵江组 4 548.86～5 295.50 746.64 4.17 三开 320.7 KS1952DGR 嘉陵江组 5 295.50～5 782.25 486.75 3.79 三开 320.7 KM1652ADGR 嘉陵江组—长兴组 5 782.25～6 248.50 466.25 4.20 四开 241.3 KS1653DGR 栖霞组—洗象池群组 6 885.00～7 359.11 474.11 4.09
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