深水钻井抗高温强抑制水基钻井液研制与应用

耿铁; 邱正松; 汤志川; 赵欣; 苗海龙

doi:10.11911/syztjs.2019036

深水钻井抗高温强抑制水基钻井液研制与应用

耿铁^{1, 2,},
邱正松¹,
汤志川¹,
赵欣¹,
苗海龙²

1.
中国石油大学（华东）石油工程学院，山东青岛 266580
2.
中海油田服务股份有限公司油田化学事业部，河北三河 065200

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划（“973”计划）项目“深水油气井完井与测试优化方法”（编号：2015CB251205）和国家重大科技专项“环保钻井液与防漏堵漏新技术研究”（编号：2017ZX05032-004-005）联合资助

详细信息

作者简介:
耿铁(1974—)，男，辽宁沈阳人，1997年毕业于沈阳化工学院精细化工专业，2009年获中国石油大学（华东）石油与天然气工程专业硕士学位，油气井工程专业在读博士研究生，主要从事海洋钻井液技术研究。E-mail：upcqiu@126.com

中图分类号: TE254⁺.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-25
- 修回日期: 2019-02-26
- 网络出版日期: 2019-03-15
- 刊出日期: 2019-04-30

The Development and Application of High Temperature Resistant and Strong Inhibitive Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Deepwater Drilling

1.
School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, 266580, China
2.
COSL Oilfield Chemicals Division, Sanhe, Hebei, 065200, China

摘要

摘要:
深水钻井时存在复杂地层井眼失稳、大温差下钻井液流变性调控困难等技术难题，需要研发适用于深水钻井的抗高温强抑制性水基钻井液。以丙烯酰胺、烷基季铵盐和2–丙烯酰胺基–2–甲基丙磺酸为单体，采用水溶液聚合法合成了深水钻井用低相对分子质量的聚合物包被抑制剂Cap；以Cap为主要处理剂，并优选其他处理剂，构建了深水抗高温强抑制水基钻井液。室内性能评价表明，低相对分子质量的聚合物包被抑制剂Cap对钻井液流变性的影响较小，包被抑制作用强；深水抗高温强抑制水基钻井液低温流变性良好，可抗160 ℃高温，高温高压滤失量小于9 mL，三次岩屑滚动回收率大于70%，抑制性强，可分别抗25.0%NaCl、0.5%CaCl₂和8.0%劣土污染。该钻井液在南海4口深水油气井钻井中进行了现场试验，取得了良好的应用效果，解决了低温增稠及井眼失稳等技术难题，具有现场推广应用价值。
- 水基钻井液 /
- 深水钻井 /
- 抑制剂 /
- 钻井液性能 /
- 现场试验
Abstract:
Some technical challenges are often encountered in deepwater drilling such as borehole instability through complex formations and the rheological regulation of drilling fluids under conditions of large temperature differences. Thus it is necessary to develop high temperature resistant and strong inhibitive water-based drilling fluids for deepwater drilling. Taking acrylamide, alkyl quaternary ammonium salt and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid as the monomers, a low relative molecular mass polymer encapsulating agent for deepwater drilling was synthesized through aqueous solution polymerization. Then, taking this agent as the main treatment agent, and other treatment agents, a deepwater high temperature resistant and strong inhibitive water-based drilling fluid was prepared. The results of laboratory evaluation demonstrated that the low relative molecular mass polymer encapsulating agent has little effect on the rheology of drilling fluid and in fact exhibits strong encapsulating ability. It presents a good low temperature rheology and high temperature resistance at 160 °C. Its filtration loss at high temperature and high pressure is within 9 mL, the triple-rolling cuttings recovery rate is over 70%, and the encapsulating ability is strong enough to resist fouling of 25.0% NaCl, 0.5% CaCl₂ and 8.0% poor clay, respectively. This drilling fluid has been tested in deepwater drilling in the South China Sea, and achieved good on-site application effects, which solved the technical problems such as low temperature thickening and borehole instability, and also the potential for the promotion of future applications.
- water-based drilling fluid /
- deepwater drilling /
- inhibitor /
- drillingfluid property /
- field testing

HTML全文

图 1 包被抑制剂Cap的分子结构

Figure 1. Cap molecular structure of deep water encapsulating agent

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图 2 包被抑制剂Cap红外光谱测试结果

Figure 2. Infrared spectrum test results of encapsulating agent Cap

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表 1 L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计及试验结果

Table 1 L₉ (3⁴) orthogonal test design and test results

试验序号	因素				回收率， %
试验序号	单体配比	单体加量，%	引发剂质量分数，%	反应时间/ h	回收率， %
1	6∶2∶1	20	0.2	4	68.49
2	6∶2∶1	25	0.4	5	67.13
3	6∶2∶1	30	0.6	6	61.56
4	6∶3∶2	20	0.4	6	68.04
5	6∶3∶2	25	0.6	4	71.96
6	6∶3∶2	30	0.2	5	68.49
7	8∶2∶1	20	0.6	5	66.94
8	8∶2∶1	25	0.2	6	67.76
9	8∶2∶1	30	0.4	4	71.50
K₁	0.657	0.678	0.683	0.707
K₂	0.695	0.689	0.689	0.675
K₃	0.687	0.672	0.668	0.658
极差	0.041	0.019	0.023	0.053
较优水平	6∶3∶2	25	0.4	4
因素排序	2	4	3	1

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表 2 不同流体在4和25 ℃温度下的流变参数

Table 2 Rheological parameters of different test solutions at 4 °C/25 °C

试验流体	表观黏度/ （mPa·s）		塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）		动切力/ Pa
试验流体	4 ℃	25 ℃	4 ℃	25 ℃	4 ℃	25 ℃
基浆+0.20%FA367	52.0	34.0	36.5	23.0	15.5	11.0
基浆+0.25%KPAM	83.0	49.0	60.0	35.0	23.0	14.0
基浆+0.25%Cap	40.5	28.0	29.5	20.5	11.0	7.5
基浆+0.25%国外包被抑制剂	61.5	42.5	45.0	31.0	16.2	11.5

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表 3 稳定剂STBHT加量对试验浆老化后性能的影响

Table 3 Effect of stabilizer STBHT dosage on the performance of experimental slurry after aging

STBHT加量，%	表观黏度/ (mPa·s)	动切力/ Pa	高温高压滤失量/ mL
1.0	45.0	2.0	15.6
2.0	67.0	7.0	8.8
3.0	107.5	19.5	8.0
4.0	77.5	14.5	6.0
注：老化条件为150 ℃下老化16 h。

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表 4 抗高温降滤失剂优选试验结果

Table 4 Experimental results of a high temperature resistant filtrate reducer

试验浆	pH值	API滤失量/ mL	高温高压滤失量/mL
基浆	9.0	21.0	>50.0
基浆+1.0% DRISTEMP	9.0	7.5	19.2
基浆+1.0% HTFL	9.0	8.2	20.6
基浆+1.0% PSC	9.5	11.4	25.4
基浆+1.0% PJA-2	9.5	10.6	24.8
基浆+1.0% SF	9.5	15.2	36.8
基浆+1.0% SMP-1	9.0	12.2	28.2
基浆+1.0% SMP-2	9.5	7.8	19.2
基浆+1.0% CXB-3	9.0	10.4	22.2

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表 5 不同温度老化前后钻井液性能测试结果

Table 5 Results of drilling fluid performance test before and after aging at different temperatures

条件	表观黏度/ (mPa·s)	塑性黏度/ (mPa·s)	动切力/ Pa	静切力/Pa		API滤失量/ mL	高温高压滤失量/mL	pH值	密度/ (kg·L^–1)	极压润滑系数	滤饼黏滞系数
条件	表观黏度/ (mPa·s)	塑性黏度/ (mPa·s)	动切力/ Pa	初切	终切	API滤失量/ mL	高温高压滤失量/mL	pH值	密度/ (kg·L^–1)	极压润滑系数	滤饼黏滞系数
老化前	77	59	18	10	14	2.0		10	1.50
120℃/16 h	71	59	12	6	10	2.2	5.6	9	1.49	0.085 1	0.119
140℃/16 h	68	54	14	7	11	2.6	6.2	9	1.50	0.085 9	0.117
160℃/16 h	67	50	17	5	7	2.4	8.8	9	1.49	0.083 6	0.112
170℃/16 h	50	38	12	4	8	8.2	25.4	9	1.50	0.087 9	0.128
180℃/16 h	34	33	1	1	1	16.8	60.2	9	1.50	0.092 5	0.126
注：高温高压滤失量测试条件为同一老化温度/3.5 MPa。

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表 6 深水抗高温强抑制钻井液低温流变性测试结果

Table 6 Results of low temperature rheological test for deep water high temperature resistant and strong inhibitive drilling fluid

阶段	温度/℃	表观黏度/(mPa·s)	塑性黏度/(mPa·s)	动切力/Pa
升温	4	96	73	23
	8	92	69	23
	15	85	65	20
	25	77	59	18
	40	68	51	17
	50	65	49	16
降温	40	70	57	13
	25	72	63	9
	15	80	69	11
	8	94	71	23
	4	97	73	24

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表 7 岩屑三次滚动回收率测试结果

Table 7 Results of three times rolling cuttings recovery rate test

流体	滚动回收率，%
流体	一次	二次	三次
清水	31.21	10.51	3.60
深水抗高温强抑制水基钻井液	88.35	80.64	73.66
油基钻井液	93.87	84.72	74.22

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表 8 深水抗高温强抑制钻井液抗污染测试结果

Table 8 Results of fouling resistant test for deep water high temperature resistant and strong inhibitive drilling fluid

污染物	表观黏度/ (mPa·s)	塑性黏度/ (mPa·s)	动切力/ Pa	pH值	高温高压滤失量/mL
	67	50	17	9	8.8
3.0%劣土	83	53	30	9	7.2
5.0%劣土	86	59	27	9	8.4
8.0%劣土	95	73	22	9	12.8
0.3%CaCl₂	73	51	22	9	9.8
0.5%CaCl₂	89	62	27	9	13.2
1.0%CaCl₂	114	79	35	7	19.6
5.0%NaCl	75	60	15	9	9.4
15.0% NaCl	91	76	15	9	10.2
25.0% NaCl	115	85	30	7	18.8

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表 9 L-3井不同开次钻井液的性能

Table 9 Performance of drilling fluids in various spud sections of Well L-3

开次	密度/(kg·L^–1)	pH值	漏斗黏度 /s	塑性黏度/（mPa·s)	动切力/Pa	中压滤失量/mL	滤饼厚度/mm	高温高压滤失量/mL
二开	1.15～1.18	10	61–65	34	14	2.8	0.4
三开	1.20～1.24	10	89–91	48	11	3.8	0.6	11.8

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深水钻井抗高温强抑制水基钻井液研制与应用

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The Development and Application of High Temperature Resistant and Strong Inhibitive Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Deepwater Drilling

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