Simulation Study on the Influences of HTHP on the Results of Microwave Rock Breaking
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摘要:
为了将微波破岩技术应用于石油钻井，研究了钻井过程中高温高压对微波破岩效果的影响。根据岩石不同矿物成分的微波吸收特性，建立了某岩石的二维平面模型，模拟分析了温度、围压及二者共同作用对微波破岩效果的影响。研究发现：在微波照射参数相同的情况下，随着井下温度升高，岩石发生塑性变形的时间缩短；随着井下围压增大，岩石塑性变形时间延长；温度和围压共同作用时，围压的影响占主导作用，而温度的影响主要在高温条件下体现。研究结果表明，围压不利于微波破岩，且影响较大；温度对微波破岩有一定促进作用，但只在高温条件下作用明显。因此，应用微波进行破岩时要综合考虑温度和围压变化对破岩效果的影响，及时调整微波参数，使破岩更加经济高效。
Abstract:In order to apply a microwave rock breaking technology in petroleum drilling, the influences of HTHP on the microwave rock breaking result during drilling were studied. According to the microwave absorption characteristics of rock components, a two-dimensional plane model of a rock was established, and the influences of temperature, confining pressure and the combination of both the two on microwave rock breaking result were simulated. The study result found that under the same microwave irradiation parameters, the plastic deformation time of rock shortened with the increase of downhole temperature, and the plastic deformation time of rock increased with the increase of downhole confining pressure. Considering the combined results of both temperature and confining pressure, the influence of confining pressure was dominant, while the effect of temperature mainly exerted under high temperature conditions. The results showed that the confining pressure did not result in microwave rock breaking, and the influence was obvious; temperature had a certain promotion effect on microwave rock breaking, but such an effect was evident only under high temperature conditions. Therefore, when applying microwave in rock breaking, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the influences of temperature and confining pressure on rock breaking results, and to adjust the microwave parameters in time to make the rock breaking more economical and efficient.
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图 5 微波照射下模型的塑性变形
Figure 5. Plastic deformation of the model under microwave irradiation
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图 6 不同环境温度下方解石某节点的温度增幅
Figure 6. Temperature amplification of a node in calcite under different ambient temperatures
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图 7 不同环境温度下方解石某节点的温度梯度极值
Figure 7. Temperature gradient extremum of a node in calcite under different ambient temperatures
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图 8 不同环境温度下方解石某节点的塑性变形时间
Figure 8. Plastic deformation times of a node in calcite under different ambient temperatures
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图 9 施加围压前后方解石某节点的应力对比
Figure 9. Comparison on the force of a node in calcite before and after confining pressure
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图 10 不同围压下方解石某节点的塑性变形时间
Figure 10. Plastic deformation times of a node in calcite under different confining pressures
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图 11 不同温度和围压作用下方解石某节点的塑性变形时间
Figure 11. Plastic deformation times of a node in calcite under different temperature and confining pressure
表 1 岩石各成分的热膨胀系数
Table 1 Thermal expansion coefficients of various rock components
温度/℃ 热膨胀系数/℃–1 方解石 黄铁矿 100 1.31×10–5 2.73×10–5 200 1.58×10–5 2.93×10–5 300 2.01×10–5 3.39×10–5 400 2.40×10–5 
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表 2 岩石各成分在不同温度下的热传导系数及比热
Table 2 Thermal conductivity and specific heat of various rock components at different temperatures
岩石
成分热传导系数/（W·m–1·℃–1） 比热/（J·kg–1·℃–1） 25 ℃ 100 ℃ 227 ℃ 25 ℃ 227 ℃ 727 ℃ 方解石 4.02 3.01 2.55 819 1 051 1 238 黄铁矿 37.90 20.50 17.00 517 600 684
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表 3 岩石各成分的力学参数
Table 3 Mechanical parameters of various rock component
岩石
成分密度/
（kg·m–3）弹性模量/
GPa泊松比 摩擦角/
（°）黏聚力/
MPa方解石 2 680 797 0.32 54 25 黄铁矿 5 018 292 0.16 54 25
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