Design and Test of a New PDC Bit with Tapered Auxiliary Cutter for Heterogeneous Formations
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摘要: 为了提高PDC钻头在非均质地层中的机械钻速和延长钻头使用寿命，研制了带有锥形辅助切削齿的PDC钻头。该钻头以PDC齿为主切削元件，锥形齿和PDC齿为副切削元件，开始工作时以PDC切削齿剪切破岩为主，当PDC切削齿吃入地层到一定程度后，锥形齿开始犁削岩石形成裂纹，有助于PDC齿以较小切削力破碎岩石；相邻2个刀翼的后排齿分别布置锥形齿与PDC齿，用于钻头钻进后期的提速提效，既具有常规PDC钻头破岩效率稳定的特点，又具有锥形齿在非均质地层破岩效率高的特点。现场试验表明，与常规PDC钻头相比，锥形辅助切削齿PDC钻头在非均质地层中使用寿命长、机械钻速高。锥形辅助切削齿PDC钻头的成功研制，为钻进非均质地层提供了一种新的高效破岩工具。Abstract: In order to improve the penetration rate of PDC bits for drilling through heterogeneous formations and to extend the life of drill bits,a new type of PDC bit with a tapered auxiliary cutter has been developed.The bit uses a PDC cutter as the main cutting element,with the conical cutter and PDC cutter as auxiliary cutting elements.When the bit starts to work,the PDC cutter will break rocks in "shearing" mode.After the PDC cutter drills into the formation to some extent,the conical cutter starts to plow and cut the rock to generate cracks and induce local fractures,which helps the PDC cutter break the rock at a relatively low cutting force.The rear cutter of two adjacent blades are arranged with the conical cutter and the PDC cutter respectively,which is used for the rate of penetration to increase and efficiency improvement of the bit in the later stage.It incorporates the characteristics of stable rock breaking efficiency of conventional PDC bits as well as the advantages of high rock breaking efficiency of the conical cutter in heterogeneous formations.The bit has been through field testing in different regions.Testing results show that the new bit has longer drilling life and higher penetration rate than conventional PDC bits in drilling through heterogeneous formations.The successful development of the new type of PDC bit provided a new and efficient rock breaking tool for drilling through heterogeneous formations.
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