Experimental Research on the Correlation of Spontaneous Imbibition–Hydration Damage–Ion Diffusion in Shale Gas Reservoirs
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摘要:
压裂液与页岩气储层接触后，诱发自吸、水化损伤及离子扩散等水岩反应，导致压裂液返排率低、矿化度高，对压裂改造效果与页岩气产出均有显著影响。目前对上述水岩反应已经开展了针对性研究，但自吸、水化损伤及离子扩散同步产生，对三者之间相关性的研究较缺乏，难以准确认识压裂液与页岩的相互作用，不利于压裂优化设计。为此，立足于室内试验手段，明确了不同条件下的页岩自吸、水化损伤及离子扩散规律及影响因素，系统分析了页岩自吸、水化损伤及离子扩散之间的定量相关性以及相互作用机制。研究结果显示：自吸、水化损伤及离子扩散具有同步响应特征，均在自吸前期发展显著，后续逐渐趋于稳定；自吸与水化损伤相互促进，使页岩吸水量增大；随页岩吸水量增大，离子扩散程度加剧，更多盐离子扩散进入压裂液，使压裂液活度降低，减弱页岩自吸与水化程度。研究成果深化了对压裂液与页岩相互作用的认识，为实现页岩气储层高效水力压裂改造提供了理论支撑。
Abstract:The interaction between shale gas reservoirs and fracturing fluid triggers water–rock reactions, such as spontaneous imbibition, hydration damage, and ion diffusion, restulting in low flowback rate and high salinity, which have a huge impact on fracturing results and shale gas production. Currently, research on these water–rock reactions has been conducted. However, spontaneous imbibition, hydration damage, and ion diffusion simultaneously occur, and the research on relations among these water–rock reactions is not enough. As a result, it is not beneficial for a deep understanding of the interaction between fracturing fluid and shale and the optimization design of fracturing. Therefore, based on laboratory experiments, the law and influence factors of shale spontaneous imbibition, hydration damage, and ion diffusion with various conditions were determined. Investigations of quantitative correlation and interaction mechanisms among shale spontaneous imbibition, hydration damage, and ion diffusion were completed. Results indicated that these reactions had synchronous response features and were all strong in earlier stages and gradually became stable. Spontaneous imbibition and hydration damage exhibited mutual promotion, increasing shale imbibition amount. With the increment in imbibition amount, ion diffusion grew, pushing more saline ions into fracturing fluid and reducing the activity of fracturing fluid. Consequently, shale spontaneous imbibition and hydration degree were restricted. The outcomes deepen the understanding of the interaction between fracturing fluid and shale, providing theoretical support for efficient hydraulic fracturing in shale gas reservoirs.
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Keywords:
- shale gas /
- fracturing fluid /
- spontaneous imbibition /
- hydration damage /
- ion diffusion
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图 1 页岩自吸与电导率同步测试装置示意
Figure 1. Synchro test of shale spontaneous imbibition and conductivity
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图 2 页岩不同条件下的自吸曲线
Figure 2. Curves of shale spontaneous imbibition with different conditions
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图 4 外部流体不同条件下的电导率及其变化率
Figure 4. Conductivity and its change rate of external solution under different conditions
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图 5 自吸过程中的吸水率与水化损伤系数
Figure 5. Imbibition amount and hydration damage coefficient during spontaneous imbibition
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图 7 自吸吸水率与电导率的相关性
Figure 7. Correlation between spontaneous imbibition degree and conductivity
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图 8 自吸过程中外部流体的离子来源
Figure 8. Source of ions of external fluid during spontaneous imbibition
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