海上工厂化压裂模式构建与实践路径探析

Construction and Practical Pathway of Offshore Factory-Mode Fracturing

  • 摘要: 针对海上低渗油气资源开发存在平台作业空间受限、大宗物料补给难度大、多工序作业交叉干扰严重、压裂投产作业效率低、综合开发成本高等技术难题,提出了海上工厂化压裂开发新模式。以打通物料流、作业流、数据流为主线,采用船舶化集约装备、连续化物料供应、立体化空间协同、批量化作业流程、闭环化环保处理、智能化决策支持技术手段,构建了“三线六体”工程架构,搭建集成泵注、物料供应、压裂投产、返排处理、立体协同、数智决策等6大子系统;运用技术就绪水平(TRL)方法完成全体系技术成熟度评估,识别不同层级技术攻关重点与潜在风险并制定防控策略。研究结果表明:集成泵注、压裂投产、立体协同子系统核心装备技术成熟,已具备工程应用条件;物料供应、返排处理子系统处于集成验证阶段,是现阶段攻关重点;数智决策子系统属于前瞻研发方向,代表未来核心竞争力;该模式工程应用后预计单井压裂投产综合工期缩短约30%,作业成本降低30%以上。海上工厂化压裂模式是对海上压裂全作业要素的系统性重构,可推动海上低渗油气开发由单井零星作业向多井批量协同作业转型,能够有效破解海上低渗油气田开发效率低、成本高的痛点,为海上数亿吨级低渗难动用储量经济开发提供系统技术方案,对我国海洋油气增储上产、产业链自主可控具有重要支撑作用。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the worldwide technical challenges in developing offshore low-permeability oil and gas resources, including limited platform operating space, great difficulties in bulk material supply, severe cross-interference of multi-process operations, low efficiency of fracturing-to-production operations and high comprehensive development costs, this paper proposes a new offshore factory-mode fracturing development pattern to realize the economical and large-scale exploitation of offshore low-permeability oil and gas resources. Taking the smooth operation of material flow, operation flow and data flow as the main line, this paper constructs the “3 Flows and 6 Systems” engineering architecture by adopting technical measures of ship-based intensive equipment, continuous material supply, three-dimensional spatial synergy, batch-processing operation procedures, closed-loop environmental treatment and intelligent decision-making support, and establishes 6 subsystems, i.e., integrated pumping, material supply, fracturing-to-production, flowback treatment, three-dimensional synergy, and digital-intelligent decision-making. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) method is used to evaluate the technical maturity of the whole system, identify key research priorities and potential risks at different technical levels, and formulate corresponding prevention-and-control strategies. The results show that the core equipment and technologies of the integrated pumping, fracturing-to-production and three-dimensional synergy subsystems are mature and ready for engineering application. The material supply and flowback treatment subsystems are in the integration and verification stage, which are the key research priorities at the present stage. The digital-intelligent decision-making subsystem is a forward-looking R&D orientation and represents the future core competitiveness. Engineering application of this pattern is expected to reduce the comprehensive fracturing-to-production cycle of a single well by about 30 % and cut operation costs by more than 30%. As a systematic reconstruction of all-operation elements for offshore fracturing, the offshore factory-mode fracturing pattern can promote the transformation of offshore low-permeability oil-gas development from sporadic single-well operations to multi-well batch collaborative operations. It can effectively solve the bottlenecks of low efficiency and high cost in offshore low-permeability oil-gas field development, provide a systematic technical scheme for the economical development of hundreds-of-millions-ton-scale hard-to-produce offshore low-permeability reserves, and play an important supporting role in increasing China’s offshore oil-gas reserves and production as well as realizing the independent controllability of industrial chains.

     

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