Abstract: Deep oil and gas resources are important replacement areas and key exploration and development areas of China's oil and gas resources and have become an important strategic resources to ensure national energy security. The safe and efficient development of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas is faced with many challenges. The four key problems are difficult to identify complex downhole conditions, serious casing damage, severe weight-on-bit congestion in long horizontal sections, and difficulty in controlling well trajectories, which are particularly prominent and need to be solved urgently. Based on the analysis of the limitations of traditional solutions, this paper proposes new tools and technologies with significant advantages as new solutions to the key problems faced by deep and ultra-deep oil and gas development, which provides direction for the development of downhole tools and effective technical support for the safe and efficient development of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas.