A Laboratory Method for Evaluating the Bonding Tensile Strength of the Cement–Formation Interface Considering Multiple Factors
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摘要:
受井壁表面粗糙度、钻井液残留和温压扰动等因素的影响，固井二界面是整个环空封隔的最薄弱环节，且极易发生张拉破坏导致环空密封失效，但已有的评价方法只能获得固井二界面的胶结剪切强度，不能很好地评价固井二界面抗拉破裂性能。为此，考虑岩性、界面粗糙度、钻井液残留、冲洗液清洗和水泥浆等主要因素，建立了一种固井二界面胶结抗拉强度室内评价方法，从冲洗效率、胶结细观结构、抗拉强度、破裂形貌等多个维度对固井二界面胶结抗拉性能进行了系统评价。研究结果表明，该评价方法科学合理、步骤清晰、简单适用、试验结果离散性小，不同因素下测试结果区分度好，进一步完善了固井二界面胶结强度评价方法，具有较高的推广应用价值。
Abstract:Due to the influence of surface roughness of wellbore walls, residual drilling fluids, and temperature perturbation, the cement–formation interface is the weakest link in the whole annulus sealing system. Additionally, tensile fracture is prone to occur and can lead to annulus sealing failure. The existing evaluation methods, however, can only determine the bonding shear strength of the cement–formation interface and cannot adequately evaluate its bonding tensile property. Therefore, a laboratory method was established to evaluate the bonding tensile strength of the cement–formation interface. This method took into consideration the main factors such as lithology, interface roughness, drilling fluid deposit, flushing fluid washing, and cement slurry. It systematically evaluated the bonding tensile strength of the cement–formation interface from multiple perspectives, including the flushing efficiency, the mesoscopic structure of bonding, tensile strength, and fracture morphology. Results from the research suggest that the proposed method is scientific and reasonable, and it reveals clear steps, simple application, and small discreteness of test results, and the test results are discriminative under different factors. Hence, the method improves the evaluation method for the bonding strength of the cement–formation interface and merits dissemination.
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图 5 岩性对岩石–水泥石界面抗拉强度的影响
Figure 5. Influence of lithology on the tensile strength of rock-cement interface
图 6 界面粗糙度对岩石–水泥石界面抗拉强度的影响
Figure 6. Influence of surface roughness on the tensile strength of rock-cement interface
图 7 界面清洁度对岩石–水泥石界面抗拉强度的影响
Figure 7. Influence of surface cleanliness on the tensile strength of rock-cement interface
图 8 水泥浆对岩石–水泥石界面抗拉强度的影响
Figure 8. Influence of cement slurry on the tensile strength of rock-cement interface
表 1 试验方案设计
Table 1. Experimental scheme design
岩性 界面粗糙度/mm 界面清洁度 水泥浆 试样编号 页岩 0.2 新鲜界面 3%弹韧性水泥浆 T3-YT-1-0-1,2,3 钻井液+冲洗液+清水 T3-YT-1-1-1,2,3 钻井液+清水 T3-YT-1-2-1,2,3 0 钻井液+冲洗液+清水 T3-YT-0-1-1,2,3 1.0 T3-YT-2-1-1,2,3 0.2 钻井液+冲洗液+清水 6%弹韧性水泥浆 T6-YT-1-1-1,2,3 9%弹韧性水泥浆 T9-YT-1-1-1,2,3 常规水泥浆 C-YT-1-1-1,2,3 树脂水泥浆 S-YT-1-1-1,2,3 砂岩 0.2 钻井液+冲洗液+清水 3%弹韧性水泥浆 T3-ST-1-1-1,2,3 注：常规水泥浆的配方为水泥+4.00%降滤失剂+0.25%消泡剂+40.00%清水；3%，6%和9%弹韧性水泥浆的配方为水泥+3.00%/6.00%/9.00%弹性材料+3.00%降滤失剂+10.00%液硅+0.25%消泡剂+33.00%清水；树脂水泥浆的配方为水泥+5.00%树脂+4.00%降滤失剂+35.00%清水+0.25%消泡剂。 
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表 2 不同岩性岩样的力学参数
Table 2. Mechanical parameters of rock sample with different lithology
岩性 单轴抗压
强度/MPa弹性模量/
GPa泊松比 巴西劈裂抗拉
强度/MPa渗透率/
mD页岩 98.5 24.10 0.20 13.0 0.000 21 砂岩 41.2 6.23 0.13 4.4 0.760 00
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