Key Technologies for Drilling and Completing Horizontal Wells with Ultra Long Horizontal Section of Sulige Tight Gas Reservoir
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摘要: 针对苏里格气田致密气藏超长水平段水平井钻井完井过程中循环泵压高、摩阻扭矩大、机械钻速低、井眼清洁困难、完井套管柱下入困难等问题，分析了超长水平段水平井钻井完井技术难点，进行了高效钻具和钻井设备优化配置、井眼轨道设计和井眼轨迹控制、水平段钻井提速和清洁，以及旋转导向钻井、强抑制润滑性水基钻井液和“旋转引鞋+套管”漂浮下入等技术研究，形成了苏里格致密气藏超长水平段水平井钻井完井关键技术。现场试验2口井，平均井深7 027 m，平均水平段长3 719.5 m，钻井周期50.93 d，取得了很好的效果。其中，靖50-26H1井完钻井深7 388 m，水平段长4 118 m，创造了长庆油田井深最大和国内陆上油气井水平段最长2项纪录。研究与试验结果表明，该技术可为苏里格致密气藏高效勘探开发提供技术支撑，也可为国内致密气超长水平段水平井安全高效钻井完井提供借鉴。Abstract: Aiming at the technical difficulties such as high circulating pump pressure, high friction torque, low ROP, difficulty in hole cleaning and running in completion casing string running in the ultra-long horizontal section of tight gas reservoir in Sulige Gas Field, this paper analyzes the drilling technical difficulties in the ultra-long horizontal section from the aspects of safe extension of the long horizontal section, hole cleaning, friction and drag reduction and safe running of the completion string, such as optimized allocation of high-efficiency drilling equipment, optimized design of well trajectory, optimized application of drilling acceleration tools, RSS technology, high-efficiency, strong inhibition lubrication water-based drilling fluid and rotary guide shoe + casing floating running technology. The key technologies of drilling and completing ultra long horizontal well for tight gas reservoir in Sulige Gas Field have been formed, which have been applied in 2 wells, with an average well depth of 7 027 m, an average horizontal section length of 3 719.5 m, and drilling cycle of 50.93 d. Between them, Jing50-26H1 Well, TD depth is 7 388 m with horizontal section length of 4 118 m, created two records of the deepest well in Changqing Oilfield and the longest horizontal section of onland oil and gas wells in China. The research and application show that the key technologies provide technical support for efficient exploration and development of tight gas reservoir in Sulige Gas Field, and also provide reference for safe and efficient drilling of ultra long horizontal section well in domestic tight gas field.
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表 1 典型的“导管+三开”井身结构设计数据
Table 1. Typical well structure design data of "catheter +third spudding"
开钻
次序钻头外径/
mm井深/
m套管外径/
mm套管下入
层位套管下入
深度/m水泥浆
返高备注 导管 444.5 50 426.0 第四系 50 地面 封流沙层、疏松易漏黄土层，确保表层施工安全 一开 346.1 500 273.1 直罗组 500 地面 封固上部易垮塌层、水层及漏层，进入稳定地层30 m且井深不小于500 m，以满足井控要求 二开 222.2 3 298 177.8 石盒子组 3 295 地面 封固复杂地层，为储层专打作好井筒准备 三开 152.4 6 298 114.3 石盒子组 0～6 295 技术套管之上 水泥返至技术套管800 m以上，满足采气要求 
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表 2 ϕ152.4 mm井眼中钻具在定排量下的循环压耗
Table 2. Calculation of circulating pressure loss of drilling tools with different sizes in ϕ152.4 mm borehole under fixed flow rate
钻头外径/
mm钻杆外径/
mm排量/
（L∙s–1）钻具内压耗/
MPa环空压耗/
MPa“钻头+螺杆+地面管汇”的
压耗/MPa循环泵压/
MPa环空返速/
（m∙s−1）152.4 88.9 18 34.04 5.39 7.1 46.54 1.49 101.6 13.81 9.35 7.1 30.26 1.78 注：钻井液密度1.33 kg/L，漏斗黏度70 s，塑性黏度21 mPa∙s，旋转黏度计ϕ600读数为66、ϕ300读数为45；水平段长4 000 m，井深7 300 m。
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表 3 不同扣型钻具性能参数
Table 3. Parameter charts for different connection type drilling tools
钻具
扣型钻杆
外径/mm钻杆接箍
尺寸/mm钻杆壁厚/
mm接头拉伸
载荷/kN接头扭矩
载荷/（kN∙m）管体拉伸
载荷/（kN∙m）管体扭矩
载荷/（kN∙m）内压强度/
MPa挤毁强度/
MPaCQST39 101.6 123.8 8.38 3 490 53.28 2 287 56.81 134.4 138.8 CQ40 3 300 33.30 2 300 56.80 134.4 138.8
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表 4 膨胀降滤失水泥浆的性能
Table 4. Properties of expanded cement slurry system with low water loss
水泥浆 密度/
（kg∙L–1）API滤失量/
mL抗压强度1）/MPa 初始稠度/
Bc最终稠度/
Bc稠化时间2）/
min水泥石膨胀
率，%55 ℃/24 h 55 ℃/48 h 领浆 1.88～1.92 36 21.0 24.5 12 70 415 0.1 中浆 25.0 30.0 364 尾浆 27.0 32.5 314 注：1）抗压强度的测试条件，55 ℃/24 h指55 ℃温度下老化24 h，55 ℃/48 h指55 ℃温度下老化48 h；2）稠化条件为85 ℃/40 MPa。
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表 5 试验井的技术指标
Table 5. Technical indicators of completed test wells
井号 完钻井深/m 水平段长/m 钻井周期/d 完井周期/d 建井周期/d 机械钻速/（m·h–1） 靖45-24H2 6 666 3 321 44.44 10.02 56.04 14.81 靖50-26H1 7 388 4 118 57.42 7.79 65.21 11.62
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表 6 井眼轨道优化设计数据
Table 6. Well trajectory optimization data table
剖面 造斜点井深/m 偏移距/m 入窗点井深/m 全角变化率/(（°）·(30m)–1） 摩阻/kN 纠偏井段 扭方位井段 斜井段 优化前 1 000 600 3 200 0 4 12 42.3 优化后 650 600 3 200 3 6 5 27.3 注：优化前剖面，指“直—增—稳—降斜扭方位—稳—增—水平段”；优化后剖面，指“直—增—稳—增斜扭方位—稳—增—水平段”。
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表 7 常规钻具与旋转导向钻具应用数据对比
Table 7. Comparison of application data of conventional drilling tools and RSS drilling tools
井号 钻具组合 应用井段/m 全角变化率/
(（°）·(30m)–1）最大 平均 靖45-24H2 PDC钻头+螺杆
钻具+ MWD+
水力振荡器3 345～5 107 3.87 1.77 靖50-26H1 3 270～5 132 3.48 1.98 靖45-24H2 旋转导向 5 107～6 666 2.56 0.59 靖50-26H1 5 132～7 388 3.06 0.89
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