Key Technologies for Drilling and Completing Horizontal Wells with Ultra-Long Horizontal Sections in the Sulige Tight Gas Reservoirs
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摘要: 针对苏里格气田致密气藏超长水平段水平井钻井完井过程中循环泵压高、摩阻扭矩大、机械钻速低、井眼清洁困难、完井套管柱下入困难等问题，分析了超长水平段水平井钻井完井技术难点，进行了高效钻具和钻井设备优化配置、井眼轨道设计和井眼轨迹控制、水平段钻井提速和清洁，以及旋转导向钻井、强抑制润滑性水基钻井液和“旋转引鞋+套管”漂浮下入等技术研究，形成了苏里格致密气藏超长水平段水平井钻井完井关键技术。现场试验2口井，平均井深7 027 m，平均水平段长3 719.5 m，钻井周期50.93 d，取得了很好的效果。其中，靖50-26H1井完钻井深7 388 m，水平段长4 118 m，创造了当时长庆油田井深最深和国内陆上油气井水平段最长2项纪录。研究与试验结果表明，该技术可为苏里格致密气藏高效勘探开发提供技术支撑，也可为国内致密气超长水平段水平井安全高效钻井完井提供借鉴。Abstract: The drilling and completion of horizontal wells with ultra-long horizontal sections in the tight gas reservoirs of Sulige Gas Field is subject to problems such as high circulating pump pressure, large friction torque, low rates of penetration (ROP), difficult borehole cleaning, and difficulties in running the completion casing string. In response, the technical difficulties in the drilling and completion of such wells were analyzed. Research was conducted on technologies such as optimized allocation of high-efficiency drilling tools and equipments, borehole trajectory design and control, horizontal section drilling acceleration and cleaning, rotary steering system (RSS) drilling, strong inhibition and lubrication water-base drilling fluid, and “rotary guide shoe + casing” floating running, etc. The key technologies for drilling and completing horizontal wells with ultra-long horizontal sections in the Sulige tight gas reservoirs were developed and applied in 2 wells with an average well depth of 7 027 m and an average horizontal section length of 3 719.5 m. The drilling cycle was 50.93 d, which meant that the proposed technologies achieved a favorable effect. Between the two wells, the Well Jing50-26H1, with a total depth (TD) of 7 388 m and a horizontal section length of 4 118 m, established the records as the deepest well in Changqing Oilfield and the longest horizontal section of onshore oil and gas wells in China at that time. The research and application show that the key technologies can provide technical support for the efficient exploration and development of the Sulige tight gas reservoirs and a reference for safe and efficient drilling and completion of horizontal wells with ultra-long horizontal sections in tight gas fields in China.
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图 3 采用不同钻井液时的通井摩阻、扭矩对比
Figure 3. Comparison of friction and torque in drafting process with different drilling fluids
图 4 完井套管柱下入摩阻对比
Figure 4. Comparison of friction in running of completion casing string
表 1 典型的“导管+三开”井身结构
Table 1. Typical “conductor + three sections” casing program
开钻
次序钻头外径/
mm井深/
m套管外径/
mm套管下入
层位套管下入
深度/m水泥浆
返高备注 导管 444.5 50 426.0 第四系 50 地面 封流沙层、疏松易漏黄土层，确保表层施工安全 一开 346.1 500 273.1 直罗组 500 地面 封固上部易垮塌层、水层及漏层，进入稳定地层30 m
且井深不小于500 m，以满足井控要求二开 222.2 3 298 177.8 石盒子组 3 295 地面 封固复杂地层，为储层专打作好井筒准备 三开 152.4 6 298 114.3 石盒子组 0～6 295 技术套管
之上水泥返至技术套管800 m以上，满足采气要求 
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表 2 ϕ152.4 mm井眼中钻具在定排量下的循环压耗
Table 2. Circulating pressure losses of drilling tools in a ϕ152.4 mm borehole under fixed flow rate
钻头外径/
mm钻杆外径/
mm排量/
（L∙s–1）钻具内压耗/
MPa环空压耗/
MPa“钻头+螺杆+地面管汇”的
压耗/MPa循环泵压/
MPa环空返速/
（m∙s−1）152.4 88.9 18 34.04 5.39 7.1 46.54 1.49 101.6 13.81 9.35 7.1 30.26 1.78 注：钻井液密度1.33 kg/L，漏斗黏度70 s，塑性黏度21 mPa∙s，旋转黏度计ϕ600读数为66、ϕ300读数为45；水平段长4 000 m，井深7 300 m。
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表 3 不同扣型钻具性能参数
Table 3. Parameters of drilling tools with different connection types
钻具
扣型钻杆
外径/mm钻杆接箍
尺寸/mm钻杆壁厚/
mm接头拉伸
载荷/kN接头扭矩
载荷/（kN∙m）管体拉伸
载荷/（kN∙m）管体扭矩
载荷/（kN∙m）内压强度/
MPa挤毁强度/
MPaCQST39 101.6 123.8 8.38 3 490 53.28 2 287 56.81 134.4 138.8 CQ40 3 300 33.30 2 300 56.80 134.4 138.8
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表 4 膨胀降滤失水泥浆的性能
Table 4. Properties of expanded fluid loss reducing cement slurry
水泥浆 密度/
（kg∙L–1）API滤失量/
mL抗压强度1）/MPa 初始稠度/
Bc最终稠度/
Bc稠化时间2）/
min水泥石膨胀
率，%55 ℃/24 h 55 ℃/48 h 领浆 1.88～1.92 36 21.0 24.5 12 70 415 0.1 中浆 25.0 30.0 364 尾浆 27.0 32.5 314 注：1）抗压强度的测试条件，55 ℃/24 h指在55 ℃温度下老化24 h，55 ℃/48 h指在55 ℃温度下老化48 h；2）稠化条件为85 ℃/40 MPa。
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表 5 试验井的技术指标
Table 5. Technical indicators of test wells
井号 完钻井深/m 水平段长/m 钻井周期/d 完井周期/d 建井周期/d 机械钻速/（m·h–1） 靖45-24H2 6 666 3 321 44.44 10.02 56.04 14.81 靖50-26H1 7 388 4 118 57.42 7.79 65.21 11.62
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表 6 井眼轨道优化设计数据
Table 6. Data of optimized borehole trajectory design
剖面 造斜点井深/m 偏移距/m 入窗点井深/m 全角变化率/（（°）·（30m）–1） 摩阻/kN 纠偏井段 扭方位井段 斜井段 优化前 1 000 600 3 200 0 4 12 42.3 优化后 650 600 3 200 3 6 5 27.3 注：优化前剖面，指“直—增—稳—降斜扭方位—稳—增—水平段”；优化后剖面，指“直—增—稳—增斜扭方位—稳—增—水平段”。
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表 7 常规钻具与旋转导向钻具应用数据对比
Table 7. Application data comparison of conventional drilling tools and RSS drilling tools
井号 钻具组合 应用井段/m 全角变化率/
（（°）·（30m）–1）最大 平均 靖45-24H2 PDC钻头+螺杆
钻具+ MWD+
水力振荡器3 345～5 107 3.87 1.77 靖50-26H1 3 270～5 132 3.48 1.98 靖45-24H2 旋转导向 5 107～6 666 2.56 0.59 靖50-26H1 5 132～7 388 3.06 0.89
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