大港油田页岩油水平井钻井液技术

田增艳; 杨贺卫; 李晓涵; 尹丽; 王信; 黄臣

doi:10.11911/syztjs.2021012

大港油田页岩油水平井钻井液技术

doi: 10.11911/syztjs.2021012

田增艳^{1, 2,},
杨贺卫^{1, 2},
李晓涵²,
尹丽²,
王信²,
黄臣²

1.
天津市复杂条件钻井液企业重点实验室，天津 300280
2.
中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司，天津 300280

基金项目: 天津市科技计划项目“非常规和深层油气资源开发钻井液关键技术研究”（编号：19PTSYJC00120）

详细信息

作者简介:
田增艳（1967—），女，天津人，1989年毕业于天津大学石油分校钻井工程专业，高级工程师，主要从事钻井液技术研究工作。E-mail：tianzy1994@163.com

中图分类号: TE
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-10
- 修回日期: 2021-06-05
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-14
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-25

Drilling Fluid Technology for Horizontal Shale Oil Wells in the Dagang Oilfield

TIAN Zengyan^{1, 2
,},
YANG Hewei^{1, 2},
LI Xiaohan²,
YIN Li²,
WANG Xin²,
HUANG Chen²

1.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Complex Conditions Drilling Fluids, Tianjin, 300280, China
2.
CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Tianjin, 300280, China

摘要

摘要: 针对大港油田沧东凹陷和歧口凹陷页岩油水平井水平段钻进过程中存在的井壁易失稳、井眼清洁效果差、摩阻和扭矩高等技术难点，在分析页岩油地层地质特征的基础上，制定了增强钻井液抑制性、封堵性和携岩性的技术对策，通过优选封堵剂、润滑剂等关键处理剂，形成了BH-KSM-Shale和BH-WEI-Shale强抑制强封堵高性能水基钻井液。性能评价结果表明，BH-KSM-Shale和BH-WEI-Shale强抑制强封堵高性能水基钻井液具有良好的抑制性能、携岩性能和封堵性能，能降低页岩渗透率，阻止压力传递，保证井壁稳定。大港油田36口页岩油水平井使用BH-KSM-Shale和BH-WEI-Shale强抑制强封堵高性能水基钻井液钻进水平段，平均井径扩大率6.8%，未发生与钻井液有关的井下故障。这表明，BH-KSM-Shale和BH-WEI-Shale强抑制强封堵高性能水基钻井液能解决大港油田页岩油水平井水平段钻进过程中的技术难点，可为大港油田页岩油水平井钻井提供技术支撑。
- 页岩油 /
- 水平井 /
- 水基钻井液 /
- 钻井液性能 /
- 大港油田 /
- GY1-1-9H井
Abstract: During the drilling of horizontal sections of horizontal shale oil wells in the Cangdong and Qikou sags of the Dagang Oilfield, technical difficulties such as wellbore instability, poor borehole cleaning, and high friction and torque were encountered. Based on analysis of geological characteristics of shale formation, technical countermeasures were made to enhance the inhibition, plugging, and rock-carrying properties of drilling fluids. Key treating agents including plugging agents and lubricants were optimized to form the BH-KSM-Shale and BH-WEI-Shale high-performance water base drilling fluids which possess good inhibition and plugging abilities. The performance evaluation results show that the drilling fluids have good inhibition performance, rock carrying performance and plugging performance. The developed drilling fluids can decrease the shale permeability, resist the pressure transfer, and ensure the wellbore stability. The BH-KSM-Shale and BH-WEI-Shale drilling fluids were applied to the drilling of the horizontal sections of 36 horizontal shale oil wells in the Dagang Oilfield. As a result, the average hole diameter enlargement rate of the horizontal sections was 6.8% and no downhole failure related to drilling fluids occurred. These results indicate that BH-KSM-Shale and BH-WEI-Shale drilling fluids can solve the difficulties in the drilling of horizontal sections of horizontal shale oil wells in the Dagang Oilfield, and provide technical support for the drilling of horizontal shale oil wells in the Dagang Oilfield.
- shale oil /
- horizontal well /
- water base drilling fluid /
- drilling fluid property /
- Dagang Oilfield /
- Well GY1-1-9H

HTML全文

图 1 页岩地层岩样扫描电镜分析结果

Figure 1. SEM images of rock samples from shale formation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 页岩油水平井水基钻井液润滑性评价结果

Figure 2. Lubricities of the water-based drilling fluids used in horizontal shale oil wells

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 人造岩心膨胀率曲线

Figure 3. Expansion rate curves of artificial cores

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图 4 页岩油水平井水基钻井液的压力传递试验曲线

Figure 4. Pressure transfer curves of the water-based drilling fluids used in horizontal shale oil wells

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 页岩阳离子交换容量分析结果

Table 1. Results of cation exchange capacity (CEC) in shale

岩样编号	亚甲基蓝溶液消耗量/mL	阳离子交换容量/ （mmol·kg^–1）	膨润土当量/ （g·kg^–1）
1	2.5	25	35.71
2	1.5	15	21.43
3	1.0	10	14.29
4	1.5	15	21.43
5	2.0	20	28.57

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表 2 页岩油水平井水基钻井液封堵性能评价结果

Table 2. Plugging results of the water-based drilling fluids used in horizontal shale oil wells

配方	砂盘渗透率/ mD	滤失量/mL						封堵滤失量/ mL	静态滤失速率/ (mL·min^−1/2)
配方	砂盘渗透率/ mD	1 min	5 min	7.5 min	15 min	25 min	30 min	封堵滤失量/ mL	静态滤失速率/ (mL·min^−1/2)
3	400	0.8	4.2	6.0	8.2	11.0	11.8	23.6	4.24
3	20 000	1.6	5.8	6.8	9.0	11.4	12.5	25.0	4.16
4	400	0.7	4.0	6.0	8.0	10.8	11.4	22.8	3.94
4	20 000	1.6	5.5	6.6	9.0	11.2	12.1	24.2	4.02
5	400	0.4	2.8	4.0	5.8	7.0	7.8	15.6	2.77
5	20 000	0.6	3.2	4.4	6.0	7.8	8.0	16.0	2.63
6	400	0.9	4.3	6.1	8.0	10.8	11.6	23.2	4.02
6	20 000	1.7	5.5	7.1	9.2	11.5	12.8	25.6	4.16
7	400	0.6	3.8	5.8	7.7	10.5	11.5	23.0	4.16
7	20 000	1.5	5.4	6.0	8.8	11.0	11.9	23.8	4.31
8	400	0.5	2.8	4.2	5.6	7.2	8.0	16.0	2.77
8	20 000	1.0	3.4	4.4	6.2	7.9	8.3	16.6	2.85
注：配方3为配方1+3%BZ-FFT-I+3%BZ-DFT；配方4为配方1+3%BZ-FFT-I+4%复合碳酸钙；配方5为配方1+3%BZ-FFT-I+2%BZ-DFT+4%复合碳酸钙；配方6为配方2+3%BZ-FFT-I+3%BZ-DFT；配方7为配方2+3%BZ-FFT-I+4%复合碳酸钙；配方8为配方2+3%BZ-FFT-I+2%BZ-DFT+4%复合碳酸钙。试验条件6.9 MPa，130 ℃。

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表 3 页岩油水平井水基钻井液的基本性能

Table 3. Basic properties of the water-based drilling fluids used in horizontal shale oil wells

钻井液	测试条件	密度/ （kg·L^–1）	塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）	动切力/ Pa	动塑比	静切力/ Pa	API滤失量/ mL	pH值	高温高压滤失量/mL
BH-KSM-Shale	老化前	1.45	37	13.5	0.36	3.5/8.0	2.0	8.5
BH-KSM-Shale	老化后	1.45	35	14.5	0.41	3.0/5.5	1.6	8.0	7.0
BH-WEI-Shale	老化前	1.45	39	16.0	0.41	4.0/9.0	2.2	9.0
BH-WEI-Shale	老化后	1.45	43	15.0	0.35	2.0/3.0	1.8	8.5	8.8
注：老化条件在130 ℃下，滚动16 h，下同。

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表 4 岩油水平井水基钻井液抗岩屑污染试验结果

Table 4. Resistance of the water-based drilling fluids used in horizontal shale oil wells to cutting pollution

钻井液	测试条件	塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）	动切力/ Pa	静切力/ Pa	API滤失量/ mL	pH值	高温高压滤失量/ mL
BH-KSM-Shale	老化前	25	23.5	5.5/12.0	2.2	8.5
BH-KSM-Shale	老化后	35	24.5	4.0/7.5	2.0	8.0	8.4
BH-WEI-Shale	老化前	27	26.0	6.0/13.0	3.0	9.0
BH-WEI-Shale	老化后	33	22.0	5.0/7.5	1.8	8.5	8.0

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表 5 部分应用井的钻井技术指标

Table 5. Drilling technical indicators in partial wells applied the water-based drilling fluids

序号	井号	完钻井深/m	水平段长/m	钻井液	井径扩大率，%	钻井周期/d	机械钻速/（m·h⁻¹）
1	GD1701H	5 465.00	1 984.00	BH-KSM-shale		55.21	13.26
2	GY1-1-4H	4 650.00	1 108.93	BH-KSM-shale		92.46	13.36
3	GY2-1-1H	4 508.00	9 76.68	BH-KSM-shale	6.74	56.25	10.20
4	GY1-5-1H	5 293.00	1 934.00	BH-KSM-shale	8.31	70.32	11.48
5	GY7-3-5H	4 502.00	1 675.00	BH-WEI-shale	6.30	19.89	21.96
6	GY2-1-4H	4 526.00	1 403.00	BH-KSM-shale	7.55	25.00	16.34
7	GY10-1-1H	4 036.00	1 799.00	BH-KSM-shale	6.21	34.00	15.90
8	GY1-1-3H	4 888.00	1 402.00	BH-KSM-shale		30.96	12.19
9	GY1-1-2H	5 166.00	1 750.00	BH-KSM-shale	7.22	42.21	13.42
10	GY1-1-9H	5 806.00	1 980.13	BH-KSM-shale	6.53	61.46	13.55

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表 6 GY1-1-9H井三开井段钻井液性能

Table 6. Properties of the drilling fluids in the third spud of Well GY1-1-9H

井深/m	密度/（kg·L^–1）	漏斗黏度/s	塑性黏度/（mPa·s）	动切力/Pa	动塑比	静切力/Pa	API滤失量/mL	高温高压滤失量/mL	摩阻系数
3 019.00	1.37	41	30	12.0	0.40	2.0/4.0	4.2	8.0	0.06
3 769.00	1.48	50	42	17.0	0.40	2.5/5.0	3.8	7.2	0.08
4 201.00	1.49	57	31	14.5	0.47	3.0/6.0	4.0	6.8	0.05
4 623.00	1.51	60	31	15.0	0.48	3.5/6.0	3.6	7.4	0.06
4 979.00	1.57	64	40	21.5	0.54	3.5/6.0	3.4	7.0	0.07
5 472.00	1.59	70	48	25.0	0.52	4.5/6.5	3.2	6.6	0.08
5 617.00	1.59	65	46	23.0	0.50	4.0/7.0	3.8	6.2	0.06
5 806.00	1.59	66	50	23.5	0.47	5.0/7.5	3.6	7.0	0.06

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