Geosteering Methods of a Dynamic Geological Model Based on Kalman Filter
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摘要: 针对现有三维地质导向技术被动调整导向较多，利用随钻信息进行预判功能不强的问题，提出了基于卡尔曼滤波的动态地质模型导向方法。该方法利用区域地质、测井资料建立包含当前构造与属性认识的初始地质模型；基于卡尔曼滤波方法，对随钻测量和随钻测井数据进行处理，形成靶区目标地层的多个模拟结果；提取与随钻数据匹配程度最高的模拟结果，计算靶区地层真厚度、地层倾角；将其输入初始地质模型中，更新模型构造和地质属性，并在最新地质模型的控制下及时优化导向钻进策略。鄂尔多斯盆地YP油田YP1井采用该方法进行了导向钻进，根据随钻测量和测井数据及时调整井眼轨迹，使该井1 901.00 m长水平段的优质储层钻遇率达到92.1%。研究和应用结果表明，基于卡尔曼滤波的动态地质模型导向方法可利用随钻信息预判钻遇地层，主动调整导向策略，使井眼沿优质储层穿行。Abstract: Due to the fact that existing 3D geosteering technology requires passive adjustment, and it has poor predictive qualities with the information while drilling, the author proposed a geosteering method using the dynamic geological models based on a Kalman filter (EnKF). In doing so, the researcher established an initial geological model including the current structure and attribute understanding based on the regional geological and logging data. The data for measurement while drilling (MWD) and logging while drilling (LWD) were processed using the EnKF method to yield many simulation results for the formation in the target area. Best-fit simulation results containing the best matching with the data while drilling were extracted to calculate the true thickness and dip angle of the formation in the target area. These results were input to the initial geological model to update the model structure and geological attributes. The goal was to optimize the geosteering drilling strategies under the control of the latest geological model. This method for geosteering drilling was used in the Well YP1 of the YP Oilfield in the Ordos Basin. The borehole trajectories were adjusted in time according to the MWD and LWD data, so as to get the drilling rate of high-quality reservoirs up to 92.1% in the 1901m long horizontal section of the well. The research and application results showed that the geosteering method incorporating dynamic geological models based on EnKF can use the information while drilling to pre-assess the drilled formation and actively adjust the geosteering strategy, maintaining the borehole travel in the zone of high-quality reservoirs.
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Key words:
- geological model /
- horizontal well /
- logging while drilling /
- Kalman filter /
- geosteering /
- Ordos Basin
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图 1 卡尔曼滤波动态地质模型的导向流程
Figure 1. Geosteering flow of the dynamic geological model based on EnKF
图 3 基于目标模拟与实测间相关系数的模型优选
Figure 3. Model optimization based on the correlation coefficient of target simulation and measurements
图 9 初始模型正演自然伽马测井曲线与随钻自然伽马测井曲线对比
Figure 9. Comparison of initial model forward GR logging curve and GR logging curve while drilling
图 10 重构模型正演自然伽马测井曲线与随钻自然伽马测井曲线对比
Figure 10. Comparison of reconstructed model forward logging curve and GR logging curve while drilling
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