Development and Field Test of a Non-Planar Cutter PDC Bit with Convex Ridges
-
摘要:
常规PDC钻头在钻进塔里木油田库车山前巨厚砾石层时存在破岩效率低、机械钻速慢和钻井周期长等问题，分析认为，砾石对常规PDC钻头的平面齿产生较大冲击力导致切削齿崩齿或严重磨损是钻速低的主要原因。为此，设计了一种凸脊型非平面齿，并研制了配套PDC钻头，将钻头破岩方式由常规PDC钻头的面切削转变为线压裂和面挤压，大大提高了钻头破岩效率。室内试验表明，凸脊型非平面齿具有良好的抗冲击性能与抗研磨性能，抗冲击性能是平面齿的10倍以上。2只凸脊型非平面齿PDC钻头在库车山前地区博孜区块某井砾石层井段进行了现场试验，创造了机械钻速最高、单只钻头进尺最长的区块纪录，与邻井常规PDC钻头相比，进尺提高1.5倍以上，平均机械钻速提高64%以上，提速效果明显。研究与试验表明，凸脊型非平面齿PDC钻头能够较好地满足库车山前巨厚砾石层高效钻进的要求，可为库车山前深层天然气的高效勘探开发提供了技术支持。
Abstract:When conventional PDC bits are used to drill into the massive gravel layer at the Kuqa Piedmont, challenges such as low rock breaking efficiency, low ROP and long drilling cycle are encountered. A deeper analysis concluded that the large impact of gravels on the planar tooth of conventional PDC bits, as well as the further tooth breakage or severe wear are the main reasons of low penetration rate. Therefore, a convex ridge non-planar cutter was designed, and the matched PDC bit was developed to transform the traditional face cutting into linear fracturing and face crushing methods, which greatly improves the rock breaking efficiency of bit. The lab tests suggest that the convex ridge non-planar cutter had good impact resistance and anti-abrasive performance, and the impact resistance was 10 times that of the planar tooth. Two convex ridge non-planar tooth PDC bits have been tested in the gravel interval of a well in the Bozi Block, creating a record of the highest ROP and the longest single bit footage in this block. Compared with the conventional PDC bits in adjacent wells, the footage was increased by more than 1.5 times, and the average ROP increased over 64%, with obvious effect of raising the penetration rate. Research and tests indicated that the ridge non-planar cutter PDC bit could meet the requirements of drilling in the massive gravel layer of Kuqa Piedmont effectively, and provide technical supports for the efficient exploration & development of deep natural gas in this area.
-
Key words:
- gravel layer /
- rate of penetration /
- non-planar cutter /
- PDC bit /
- rock-breaking mechanism /
- Bozi Block /
- Tarim Oilfield
-
图 2 金刚石复合片切削齿受冲击损伤而出现断裂面
Figure 2. Fracture surface of PDC cutters due to impact damage
图 5 非平面齿切削砂岩、泥岩示意
Figure 5. Schematic of cutting sandstone and mudstone by non-planar cutter
图 7 抗研磨性能试验中平面齿和凸脊型非平面齿失效后的磨损状况
Figure 7. Wear status of planar tooth and non-planar convex ridge tooth in anti-wear performance test
图 8 2只凸脊型非平面齿PDC钻头的冠部设计
Figure 8. Crown design of two convex ridge non-planar tooth PDC bits
图 9 试验井钻头进尺和机械钻速统计结果
Figure 9. Statistical results of bit footage and ROP in test wells
图 11 邻井B钻头进尺和机械钻速统计结果
Figure 11. Statistical results of bit footage and ROP in adjacent Well B
图 10 邻井A钻头进尺和机械钻速统计结果
Figure 10. Statistical results of bit footage and ROP in adjacent Well A
表 1 抗研磨性能试验中平面齿和凸脊型非平面齿的切削距离对比
Table 1. Comparison of cutting distances between the planar cutter and convex ridge type non-planar cutter in the anti-wear performance test
切削齿 失效前切削距离/m 提高幅度，% 平面齿 凸脊型非平面齿 样品1 7 259.10 13 170.37 81.4 样品2 8 379.19 12 739.85 52.0 样品3 7 681.57 12 954.17 68.6 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 杨庆理. PDC钻头在井底的涡动分析研究[J]. 石油矿场机械, 2007, 36(5): 34–36. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3482.2007.05.009YANG Qingli. The study of the PDC anti-whirling[J]. Oil Field Equipment, 2007, 36(5): 34–36. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3482.2007.05.009 [2] 王福修, 田京燕. PDC钻头稳定性技术研究[J]. 石油矿场机械, 2002, 31(2): 7–10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3482.2002.02.003WANG Fuxiu, TIAN Jingyan. The technology study on PDC bit stability[J]. Oil Field Equipment, 2002, 31(2): 7–10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3482.2002.02.003 [3] 李百胜, 孙明光. 用于含砾石且软硬交错地层的新型PDC钻头设计[J]. 石油机械, 2004, 32(9): 32–34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4578.2004.09.011LI Baisheng, SUN Mingguang. The design of PDC bit for multi-interbedded and gravel formation[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2004, 32(9): 32–34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4578.2004.09.011 [4] 孙明光, 张云连, 马德坤. 适合多夹层地层PDC钻头设计及应用[J]. 石油学报, 2001, 22(5): 95–99. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2001.05.019SUN Mingguang, ZHANG Yunlian, MA Dekun. Design and application of the PDC bit suited for multi-interbedded formation[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2001, 22(5): 95–99. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2001.05.019 [5] 张进双, 张增宝, 王学才. 刀翼式孕镶金刚石钻头设计及在哈山101井的应用[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2019, 47(5): 57–61.ZHANG Jinshuang, ZHANG Zengbao, WANG Xuecai. The design of blade type diamond-impregnated bit and it’s application in Well Hashan 101[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2019, 47(5): 57–61. [6] 王滨, 李军, 邹德永, 等. 适合强研磨性硬地层PDC-金刚石孕镶块混合钻头设计与应用[J]. 特种油气藏, 2018, 25(1): 169–176. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2018.01.035WANG Bin, LI Jun, ZOU Deyong, et al. Design and application of a PDC hybrid drill bit with impregnated diamond insert for the hard formation with strong abrasivity[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2018, 25(1): 169–176. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2018.01.035 [7] 孙明光. 新型PDC钻头设计与现场试验[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 2006, 28(2): 21–24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.2006.02.007SUN Mingguang. Design and test of PDC bit with new structure[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2006, 28(2): 21–24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.2006.02.007 [8] 刘杰, 樊冀安. PDC钻头复合片磨损规律研究[J]. 石油钻探技术, 1999, 27(1): 37–39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0890.1999.01.016LIU Jie, FAN Ji'an. Study on PDC cutters wearing mechanism[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 1999, 27(1): 37–39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0890.1999.01.016 [9] 王滨, 李军, 邹德永, 等. 强研磨性硬岩PDC钻头磨损机理及磨损分布规律研究[J]. 特种油气藏, 2018, 25(4): 149–153. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2018.04.030WANG Bin, LI Jun, ZOU Deyong, et al. Mechanisms and distribution pattern of abrasions on PDC bits for highly-abrasive hard-rock[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2018, 25(4): 149–153. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2018.04.030 [10] 马清明, 王瑞和. PDC切削齿破岩受力的试验研究[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 30(2): 45–47.MA Qingming, WANG Ruihe. Experimental study on force of PDC cutter breaking rock[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2006, 30(2): 45–47. [11] 梁尔国, 李子丰, 邹德永. PDC切削齿受力的试验研究[J]. 石油机械, 2009, 37(11): 12–15.LIANG Erguo, LI Zifeng, ZOU Deyong. Experimental study on force of PDC cutter[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2009, 37(11): 12–15. [12] 许爱. PDC钻头切削齿破岩载荷规律的分析[J]. 探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程), 2006, 33(7): 59–61.XU Ai. Analysis on load pattern of rock breaking of PDC bit cutter[J]. Exploration Engineering(Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling), 2006, 33(7): 59–61. [13] 杨先伦, 何世明, 王涛. 高频扭转冲击钻井PDC钻头切削齿瞬间碰撞破岩分析[J]. 断块油气田, 2018, 25(6): 789–792.YANG Xianlun, HE Shiming, WANG Tao. Analysis of instantaneous impact rock breaking of PDC cutting tooth for high frequency torsional percussion drilling[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2018, 25(6): 789–792. [14] 田丰, 杨迎新, 任海涛, 等. PDC钻头切削齿工作区域及切削量的分析理论和计算方法[J]. 钻采工艺, 2009, 32(2): 51–53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2009.02.018TIAN Feng, YANG Yingxin, REN Haitao, et al. Analytical theory and computational method of contact area and cutting volume of PDC bit cutters[J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2009, 32(2): 51–53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2009.02.018 [15] 肖仕红, 杨迎新. PDC钻头在复杂运动条件下钻进过程仿真[J]. 石油矿场机械, 2005, 34(2): 40–42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3482.2005.02.010XIAO Shihong, YANG Yingxin. The computer simulation of the drilling progress between the PDC bit and rock[J]. Oil Field Equipment, 2005, 34(2): 40–42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3482.2005.02.010 [16] 任海涛, 杨迎新, 陈炼, 等. PDC钻头钻进仿真系统数字化方法研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 32(5): 150–154.REN Haitao, YANG Yingxin, CHEN Lian, et al. Research on the digital method of the PDC bit drilling progress simulation system[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2010, 32(5): 150–154. [17] 罗德, 黎明发, 吴波, 等. 聚晶金刚石复合片钻头钻进岩层的仿真研究[J]. 武汉理工大学学报, 2010, 32(10): 112–115. doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1671-4431.2010.10.026LUO De, LI Mingfa, WU Bo, et al. Simulation of the drilling process of polycrystalline diamond compact drilling bit[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2010, 32(10): 112–115. doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1671-4431.2010.10.026 [18] 谢晗, 况雨春, 秦超. 非平面PDC切削齿破岩有限元仿真及试验[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2019, 47(5): 69–73. doi: 10.11911/syztjs.2019043XIE Han, KUANG Yuchun, QIN Chao. The finite element simulation and test of rock Bbreaking by non-planar PDC cutting cutter[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2019, 47(5): 69–73. doi: 10.11911/syztjs.2019043 [19] 伍开松, 柯行, 龙巾帼. 热-结构耦合PDC单齿破岩温升规律研究[J]. 石油机械, 2013, 41(4): 24–26. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4578.2013.04.006WU Kaisong, KE Xing, LONG Jinguo. Research on the temperature rise law for single tooth rock-breaking of thermal structure coupling PDC bit[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2013, 41(4): 24–26. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4578.2013.04.006 [20] 尤明庆, 华安增. 岩石试样破坏过程的能量分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2002, 21(6): 778–781. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2002.06.004YOU Mingqing, HUA Anzeng. Energy analysis of failure process of rock specimen[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2002, 21(6): 778–781. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2002.06.004 [21] 谢和平, 彭瑞东, 鞠杨, 等. 岩石破坏的能量分析初探[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(15): 2603–2608. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2005.15.001XIE Heping, PENG Ruidong, JU Yang, et al. On energy analysis of rock failure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(15): 2603–2608. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2005.15.001 -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 2775
- HTML全文浏览量: 709
- PDF下载量: 127
- 被引次数: 0
