Acid-Soluble Temporary Plugging Technology for Ultra-Deep Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs in Block 1 of the Shunbei Area
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摘要: 顺北油气田一区超深裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层具有高温、高压和天然裂缝发育的特点，钻井过程中易发生漏失。为了解决地层漏失及漏失后带来的储层损害问题，基于岩石矿物组成、微观结构特征和损害因素等研究，提出了“钻井液性能控制+可酸溶暂堵体系”的储层保护对策，研制了主要由可酸溶纤维、可酸溶填充材料及弹性石墨组成的抗高温可酸溶暂堵体系。试验结果表明，该暂堵体系抗温180 ℃，酸溶率大于85.0%，渗透率恢复率大于87.0%，适用于缝宽1.0 mm以下的裂缝性储层。SHB1-10H井的现场试验表明，其目的层钻进中采用抗高温可酸溶暂堵技术后，储层保护效果明显，投产后产油量达到90.0 m3/d，较邻井产油量大幅提高，实现了“堵得住、解得开”，为类似油田的裂缝性储层高效钻进提供了一种新的技术途径。Abstract: Ultra-deep fractured carbonate reservoir in Block 1 of the Shunbei Oil and Gas Field can be characterized by high temperatures, high pressure and developed natural fractures that is easy to cause mud loss in drilling. In order to solve the problem of circulation loss and formation damage after drilling fluid leakage, a high temperature resistant acid-soluble temporary plugging technology was developed. The technology mainly consists of high acid-soluble fiber, acid-soluble filling materials with different size and elastic graphite. Through the research on rock mineral composition, microstructure characteristics and damage factors, the reservoir protection strategy of “mud property control + acid-soluble temporary plugging” in Shunbei was put forward. The application results show that the temporary plugging system has a fairly good performance with temperature rating of 180℃, acid dissolution rate over 85.0% and permeability recovery rate over 87.0%, which is suitable for fractured reservoirs with fracture widths less than 1.0 mm. It is shown from field pilot of targeted formations in Well SHB1-10H that reservoir protection are apparently improved after the application of acid-soluble temporary plugging technology, and the oil production rate has been dramatically increased compared with offset wells, with oil production reaching 90.0 m3/d. It has achieved either plugging or breaking-down, which provides a new temporary plugging technique for efficient drilling in fractured reservoirs.
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表 1 顺北一区储层损害机理及保护对策
Table 1. Reservoir damage mechanism and protection measures in Block 1 of the Shunbei Oil and Gas Field
主要损害 损害机理 预防对策 储层保护方向 固相 堵塞裂缝、微裂缝 1）降低固相含量，防止堵塞裂缝
2）降低压差，减小漏失量
3）选用酸溶性加重材料，实现酸化解堵
4）采用暂堵技术控制钻井液性能
（固相含量、pH值、
密度和滤失量等）+
可酸溶暂堵体系水相圈闭 毛管自吸，滤液侵入造成液相滞留 1）降低正压差
2）在储层表面快速形成致密滤饼
3）添加表面活性剂，减弱毛细管作用产生的自吸作用碱敏 OH–离子与岩石裂缝金属离子结垢 1）控制pH值在11以下
2）减少滤液侵入强应力敏感 应力降低，裂缝闭合 1）选择合适的钻井液密度，以控制液柱压力
2）降低正压差，采用微过平衡钻进
3）采用高强度弹性材料支撑裂缝
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表 2 纤维酸溶率试验结果
Table 2. Test results of acid solubility for fiber
纤维类型 酸溶前质量/g 酸溶后质量/g 酸溶率，% 超细碳酸钙 1.00 0.09 91.0 XWB-1纤维 1.00 0.23 77.0 石棉纤维 1.00 0.63 27.0 可酸溶纤维 1.00 0.10 90.0
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表 3 不同粒级填充暂堵剂粒径及酸溶率试验结果
Table 3. Test results of acid solubility of temporary plugging agents with different sizes
刚性材料 粒径范围/μm D90/μm 平均粒径/μm 酸溶率，% 1 0.34～116.10 57.0 29.3 89.0 2 1.16～147.90 88.3 60.4 92.0 3 16.70～207.40 170.4 120.7 91.0
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表 4 不同弹性封堵材料承压能力测试结果
Table 4. Test results of pressure-bearing capacity of various elastic plugging materials
封堵材料及加量 砂床承压
能力/MPa岩心承压
能力/MPa测试温度/
℃1%单向压力屏蔽剂 3.2 5.8 180 1%C型弹性石墨 4.2 6.6 180 1% Rebound 5.9 9.3 180
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表 5 可酸溶暂堵剂封堵效果评价试验结果
Table 5. Plugging effect evaluation results of acid-soluble temporary plugging agents
编号 配制比例 塑性黏度/
（mPa·s）侵入深度/
cm酸溶纤维 刚性填充暂堵剂 弹性石墨 1 0 0 0 16 全失 2 8 1 1 28 5.6 3 7 2 1 25 5.2 4 7 1 2 23 5.4 5 6 3 1 23 5.3 6 6 2 2 23 5.1 7 5 4 1 24 5.3 8 5 3 2 22 5.4 9 4 5 1 20 5.1 10 4 4 2 23 5.3 11 3 6 1 20 5.4 12 3 5 2 19 5.7
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表 6 可酸溶暂堵剂对钻井液流变性的影响
Table 6. Evaluation of the influence of acid-soluble temporary plugging agent on the rheology of drilling fluid
配方 表观黏度/（mPa·s） 塑性黏度/（mPa·s） 动切力/Pa 动塑比 滤失量/mL API 高温高压 基浆 64 49 15 0.29 3.6 10.4 基浆+5.0%可酸溶暂堵剂 60 44 16 0.34 3.2 8.2
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表 7 储层动态损害评价试验结果
Table 7. Evaluation results of reservoir dynamic damage
岩心编号 岩心直径/cm 岩心长度/cm 损害前渗透率/mD 损害后渗透率/mD 渗透率恢复率，% 1 2.5 5.1 6.57 5.99 91.2 2 2.5 4.7 8.34 7.56 90.6 3 2.5 5.4 10.13 9.35 92.3
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