Key Drilling Techniques of HTHP Horizontal Wells in Mid-Deep Strata of the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea
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摘要: 针对南海莺歌海盆地中深层高温高压气藏水平井钻井中高密度钻井液流变性难以调控、大斜度井段套管磨损严重、摩阻扭矩大、钻具负荷大及大斜度井固井质量难以保证等问题，从保障钻井安全和提高钻井时效出发，进行了井身结构设计和抗高温高密度油基钻井液技术、钻井液微米级重晶石加重技术、高密度油基钻井液滤饼冲洗技术、高温高压含CO2气井套管材质优选、高温高压水平井段安全钻进等方面的技术研究，形成了南海莺歌海盆地中深层高温高压水平井钻井关键技术。现场应用表明，该技术可以有效保障安全高效钻井和提高固井质量，应用井投产后清喷产能比预期高30%。水平井钻井关键技术为南海莺歌海盆地中深层高温高压水平井钻井提供了技术保障，也可在同类条件同类型井钻井中推广应用。Abstract: During the drilling process of horizontal wells in high temperature and high pressure gas reservoir in Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea, the rheological property of high density drilling fluids is difficult to control, the wearing degree of the highly-deviated well section casing is severe, the toque drag and drilling string are large, and the cementing quality of highly-deviated well section is hard to assure, etc. Based on this situation, to ensure the drilling safety and improve drilling efficiency, research work have been done on casing program design, oil-based drilling fluids technology resisting high temperature and density, the weighting technique of micrometre-scale barite, filter cake flushing technique of high density oil-based drilling fluids, the optimization of casing materials for high temperature and high pressure gas well containing CO2, and the safe drilling technology of HTHP horizontal wells, etc., all of which have formed the key drilling techniques of HTHP horizontal wells in mid-deep strata of the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. The field application showed that the techniques could effectively ensure the safety and high-efficiency drilling, improve the cementing quality, and the blowout production capacity is 30% higher than expected. The key drilling techniques of horizontal well, which could provide technical support for the drilling of HTHP horizontal wells in mid-deep strata of the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea, could also be applied in the wells of the same type under the same condition.
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Key words:
- mid-deep strata /
- high temperature /
- high pressure /
- horizontal well /
- drilling /
- South China Sea /
- Yinggehai Basin
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图 1 莺歌海盆地中深层地层四压力剖面
Figure 1. Four pressure profiles of mid-deep strata in the Yinggehai Basin
图 4 腐蚀速率与温度、CO2分压的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between corrosion rate and temperature, CO2 partial pressure
表 1 莺歌海盆地中深层高温高压水平井井身结构设计结果
Table 1. Casing program designed of high temperature and high pressure horizontal wells in the mid-deep formation of Yinggehai Basin
开钻程序 钻头直径/mm 套管直径/mm 备注 导眼 锤入 762.0 采用海洋工程船锤入，隔水管壁厚25.4 mm，钢级D36，入泥72.00 m 1 660.4 508.0 套管下至井深500.00 m，通过井控措施防浅层气，保证在下部井段安全钻进 2 444.5 339.7 套管下至莺歌海组二段中下部巨厚泥岩，尽可能封固莺歌海组二段砂层，以满足下一开次在压力过渡带的钻进要求 3 311.1 244.5 套管下至黄流组一段顶部以上泥岩层并尽可能增加下深，以缩短ϕ215.9 mm裸眼段长度 4 215.9 177.8 以适当的井斜角揭开目的层 5 149.2 149.2 水平段在储层中，需下入打孔管支撑井壁，尾管内打水泥塞封隔储层后回接ϕ177.8 mm套管，再钻开套管附件及水泥塞进行完井作业，生产封隔器下至ϕ177.8 mm回接套管内，尾管悬挂器顶部以上50.00 m、生产封隔器以上100.00 m的回接套管至ϕ177.8 mm尾管均采用防腐套管 
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表 2 新型抗高温高密度油基钻井液基本性能
Table 2. Basic properties of new high temperature and high density oil-based drilling fluids
油水比 状态 密度/（kg·L–1） 表观黏度/（mPa·s） 塑性黏度/（mPa·s） 动切力/Pa ϕ100 ϕ6/ϕ3 静切力/Pa 破乳电压/V 高温高压滤失量/mL 80 : 20 滚动前 1.80 43.5 32 11.5 28 9.0/8.0 4.5/5.0 1 763 热滚16 h 31.0 26 5.0 18 4.0/3.0 3.0/4.0 907 0.8 热滚96 h 23.0 20 3.0 12 4.0/3.0 2.0/2.0 422 2.8 85 : 15 滚动前 1.90 36.5 29 7.5 22 8.0/7.0 4.0/5.0 1 973 热滚16 h 27.5 23 4.5 16 5.0/5.0 3.0/4.0 1 108 1.2 热滚96 h 22.0 20 2.0 11 3.0/2.0 1.0/2.0 457 3.8 95 : 5 滚动前 2.00 26.5 21 5.5 21 6.5/5.5 4.0/4.0 2 000+ 热滚16 h 22.0 19 3.0 19 4.0/4.0 3.0/4.0 1 977 1.6 热滚96 h 20.0 17 2.5 17 3.0/1.0 2.0/1.0 1 087 1.5 注：热滚温度为165 ℃，流变性在50 ℃下测得；高温高压滤失量测试条件为165 ℃，3.5 MPa。
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表 3 新型抗高温高密度油基钻井液沉降稳定性试验结果
Table 3. Sedimentary stability test results of new high temperature and high density oil-based drilling fluid
老化前密度/
（kg·L–1）老化时间/
h取样位置 老化后密度/
（kg·L–1）沉降系数 1.30 16 上部 1.29 0.50 下部 1.31 48 上部 1.27 0.51 下部 1.33 96 上部 1.27 0.51 下部 1.33 1.60 16 上部 1.58 0.51 下部 1.64 48 上部 1.56 0.51 下部 1.65 96 上部 1.53 0.52 下部 1.67 1.80 16 上部 1.82 0.51 下部 1.86 48 上部 1.8 0.51 下部 1.89 96 上部 1.79 0.51 下部 1.89 注：老化条件165 ℃下滚动。
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表 4 模拟地层水条件下不同材质试样的腐蚀速率
Table 4. Corrosion rate of different materials under simulated formation water
材质 液相腐蚀速率/（mm·a–1） 气相腐蚀速率/（mm·a–1） 13Cr–L80 0.005 43 0.009 07 13CrS–110 0.003 34 0.007 50 13Cr–L80 0.005 92 0.009 84 13CrS–110 0.000 98 0.006 55 13CrM–110 0.007 27 0.014 51 TN80–3Cr 0.004 56 0.072 07 P110 0.015 92 0.075 38 N80 0.018 55 0.092 32
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表 5 井深4 900.00 m处ϕ149.2 mm小井眼复合钻杆水力模拟结果
Table 5. Hydraulic simulation results of compound drill pipe in ϕ149.2 mm slim hole at depth of 4 900.00 m
钻杆直径及长度 排量/（L·min–1） 泵压/MPa 当量循环密度/（kg·L–1） ϕ149.2 mm套管鞋 ϕ149.2 mm井眼底部 ϕ149.2 mm钻杆>3 300.00 m 600 15.204 1.905 1.927 ϕ101.6 mm钻杆1 600.00 m 900 19.465 1.917 1.944 ϕ149.2 mm钻杆>3 800.00 m 600 15.045 1.910 1.934 ϕ101.6 mm钻杆1 100.00 m 900 18.755 1.923 1.951
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