Wellbore Stability Evaluation during Gas Drilling through Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs in Western Sichuan
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摘要: 川西低渗透气藏采用气体钻井技术钻进时，致密砂岩井段井下垮塌频繁，为给制定防塌技术措施提供依据，在分析非达西渗流、储层敏感性对孔隙压力影响，计算气层产气时径向拖曳力的基础上，分析了径向拖曳力影响下井周的有效应力场，利用川西X3井实钻数据分析了气体钻井井壁垮塌的机理，并与摩尔库伦准则和拉伸破坏模型相结合，提出了适用于川西低渗透气藏气体钻井的井壁稳定性评价方法。川西低渗透气藏气体钻井井壁垮塌机理为：低渗透储层中高速非达西渗流和气体产出时产生的径向拖曳力使坍塌压力升高，井壁稳定性变差，同时在径向拖曳力作用下先发生拉伸破坏，随后地层压力降低进而发生剪切破坏，出现垮塌。利用低渗透气藏气体钻井井壁稳定性评价方法评价了X3井低渗透储层的井壁稳定性，评价结果与实钻情况相符，说明采用该评价方法可以评价川西低渗透气藏气体钻井时的井壁稳定性，能够为川西低渗透气藏气体钻井制定防塌技术措施提供指导。Abstract: In gas drilling through low permeability gas reservoirs in Western Sichuan, borehole collapse occurs frequently in the tight sandstone sections. To develop a protocol for anti-collapse technical measures during gas drilling of such as in the kinds of gas reservoirs found in western Sichuan, effective stress around the wellbore under the influence of radial drag force has been analyzed based on the analysis of non-Darcy seepage and reservoir sensitivity on pore pressure, and radial drag force during gas production. The wellbore collapse mechanism of gas drilling was analyzed by using practical drilling data of Well X3 in Western Sichuan. Then a wellbore stability evaluation method during gas drilling through low permeability gas reservoirs in western Sichuan was proposed in combination with Mohr-Coulomb criterion and tensile failure model. Results showed that the high-speed non-Darcy seepage and the radial drag force generated during gas production in low permeability reservoir will increase the borehole collapse pressure, so damage borehole stability. Tensile failure occurs first under radial drag force, and then shear failure happens due to the decrease of formation pressure. Those rock failures result in wellbore collapse. Wellbore stability of Well X3 in the low permeability reservoir was evaluated using this method, and the results were consistent with the practical drilling situations. It demonstrated that this method could be used to evaluate wellbore stability during gas drilling in low permeability gas reservoir in western Sichuan, and it would provide a protocol and recommended best practices for the development of anti-collapse measures during gas drilling in low permeability gas reservoir in Western Sichuan.
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Key words:
- low permeability pool /
- gas drilling /
- hole stabilization /
- pore pressure /
- effective stress /
- Western Sichuan
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图 2 考虑非达西渗流近井地带地层孔隙压力分布
Figure 2. Pore pressure distribution in the near wellbore formation considering non-Darcy seepage
图 3 考虑应力敏感性近井地带地层孔隙压力分布
Figure 3. Pore pressure distribution in the near wellbore formation considering the stress sensitivity
图 4 气体产出过程中近井地带地层径向拖曳力分布
Figure 4. Radial drag force distribution in the near wellbore formation during gas production
图 5 近井地带地层径向有效应力分布
Figure 5. Radial effective stress distribution in the near wellbore formation
图 6 井眼周向有效应力与孔隙压力的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between the circumferential effective stress and the pore pressure
图 7 井壁垂向有效应力与孔隙压力的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between vertical effective stress and the pore pressure
图 8 川西X3井气体钻井井段井眼扩径率曲线
Figure 8. Borehole diameter expansion rate curve during gas drilling in Well X3 in Western Sichuan
图 9 川西X3井气体钻井井段双井径测井曲线
Figure 9. Dual borehole diameter logging curve during gas drilling in Well X3 in Western Sichuan
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