Analysis of the Characteristics of the Rotary Impact Drilling Tool with an Elastic Element Accumulator
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摘要: 为了解决常见旋冲钻井工具冲击力小、冲击频率不稳定的问题,设计研制了弹性蓄能激发式旋冲钻井工具,将弹性蓄能元件与凸轮机构结合,利用螺杆马达带动齿形冲击振套碰撞产生冲击载荷。基于冲击动力学理论建立了该工具冲击参数计算模型,利用钻井泵和高速力值采集系统开展了工具样机冲击特性测试研究。试验结果表明,该工具冲击载荷曲线形态接近于简谐曲线,冲击载荷峰值为18~43 kN,冲击载荷随弹性元件压缩量增大而增大;冲击频率为25.7~37.2 Hz,可以由钻井泵流量调节。根据力学分析和试验结果,该工具冲击频率为螺杆马达转速与冲锤齿数的乘积,且与钻井液排量成正比;冲击载荷与弹性元件压缩量呈幂函数增加关系,与齿面变形系数呈幂函数增加关系;冲击作用时间与冲锤质量呈幂函数增加关系,与齿面变形系数呈幂函数减小关系。弹性蓄能激发式旋冲钻井工具的研制和特性分析,为旋冲钻井技术的发展提供了一种新的设计方法和技术思路。Abstract: Conventional impact drilling tools can be characterized by low impact forces and instability in impact frequencies.To overcome these shortcomings,an innovative rotary impact drilling tool with an elastic element and cam structure has been developed.With the PDM drives,a hammer rotates and collides with the teeth of the anvil to generate impact load.Based on the dynamics of impact,a numerical model for the tool’s impact process was built.In addition,impact load of the innovative tool powered by mud pump was tested by using drilling pumps and a high speed stress acquisition system.Results showed that the impact load curves were close to harmonic curve at the peak impact force 18-43 kN,and that impact loads would increase with the increase of compression volumes of the elastic elements.This tool’s impact frequency was 25.7-37.2 Hz,and could be adjusted from flow rates of mud pump.Dynamic analysis and experimental results showed that the frequency was the product of the rotary rate of screw drill times the number of the teeth,which was proportional to the flow rates of drilling fluids.The impact load could be adjusted from the preload of the elastic elements and it would increase with increase of the preload in a power function.The impact durations was in positive power function with hammer weight and in a negative power function with the deformation coefficients of the teeth.The development of the rotary impact drilling tool with an elastic element accumulator may provide innovative design techniques and technical solutions for the development of rotary and percussion drilling operations.
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Keywords:
- rotary impact /
- drilling tool /
- screw drill /
- impact force /
- numerical model /
- performance test
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