Shale Oil Horizontal Drilling Technology with Super-Long Horizontal Laterals in the Longdong Region of the Changqing Oilfield
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摘要: 长庆油田陇东地区页岩油超长水平段水平井钻井过程中存在井眼轨迹控制困难、机械钻速低、水平段堵漏难度大、井壁易失稳和完井套管下入困难等技术难题，为此，进行了井眼轨道设计及井眼轨迹控制技术优化，优选旋转导向钻具组合，应用高性能水基钻井液和套管漂浮下入技术，根据漏层特点和漏失速度采取不同的堵漏技术措施，形成了页岩油超长水平段水平井钻井技术。该技术在陇东地区华H50–7井进行了应用，顺利完成长度4 088.00 m的超长水平段钻进，创国内陆上油气井最长水平段纪录，表明该钻井技术可以满足陇东地区页岩油高效开发的需求，也为国内其他地区超长水平段水平井钻井提供了借鉴。Abstract: In order to solve technical problems such as the difficult control of well trajectory, low ROP, plugging difficulties in the horizontal section, sidewall instability and difficulties in running completion casing in super-long horizontal sections in shale oil in the Longdong region of the Changqing Oilfield, a shale oil horizontal drilling technology with super-long horizontal section has been formed by means of the optimization and controlling of well trajectory, the selection of rotary-steerable BHA, and the application of high-performance WBM and casing floatation running technology according to the characteristics of thief zone and leakoff rate as well as various plugging measures. This technology was successfully applied for drilling the horizontal Well H50-7 with super-long horizontal section of 4,088.00 m in Longdong Region of Changqing Oilfield, which indicated that the technology could solve the technical difficulties of horizontal wells with a super-long horizontal section, to provide technical support for shale oil development in this region
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图 1 不同摩阻系数下生产套管下放大钩载荷
Figure 1. Set down hook load with production casing under different friction coefficients
图 2 不同工况下生产套管的轴向力
Figure 2. Axial force of production casing under different operation conditions
表 1 水平段不同工况下的扭矩、轴向拉力和钻具屈曲情况
Table 1. Torque, axial tension and buckling of drilling tool under different operation conditions in horizontal section
工况 大钩载荷/kN 地面扭矩/（kN·m） 中和点距钻头距离/m 中和点井深/m 摩阻/kN 钻柱伸长/m 最大侧向力/kN 起钻 1 059.00 0 0 6 215.96 251.80 2.97 133.30 下钻 569.70 0 4 708.87 1 507.09 238.80 –0.17 123.70 滑动钻进 529.10 0 4 854.67 1 361.29 246.60 –0.58 126.90 旋转钻进 756.40 21.31 4 267.60 1 948.36 0 0.83 126.60 
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表 2 ϕ311.1 mm斜井段钻井技术指标
Table 2. Drilling technical indexes of ϕ311.1 mm deviated section
钻头型号 钻进井段/m 进尺/m 机械钻速/
（m·h–1）ES1656/S323 291.00～1667.00 1 376.00 13.36 EHS1617Q9混合 1 667.00～2 053.00 386.00 5.51 SH533混合 2 053.00～2 293.00 240.00 6.00
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表 3 水平段水基钻井液的性能
Table 3. Performance of water-based mud in horizontal section
井段/m 漏斗黏度/s 密度/（kg·L–1） API滤失量/mL 动切力/Pa 动塑比 ϕ6/ϕ3 低剪切速率切力/Pa 活度 2 293.00～3 678.00 52～55 1.25～1.30 3 7～8 0.5～0.6 5/4 3 0.71 3 678.00～4 900.00 55～60 1.30～1.33 3 9～10 0.5～0.6 7/6 5 0.69 4 900.00～5 642.00 47～52 1.23～1.24 4 5～6 0.4～0.5 4/3 2 0.73 5 642.00～6 266.00 55～62 1.23～1.24 2 10～12 0.5～0.6 9/8 7 0.69
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